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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(2): 170-178, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154552

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These diseases have a significant impact on life expectancy. Individuals with CKD are more likely to die from CVD than to progress to end-stage kidney disease. Objective To assess cardiovascular risk factors of patients with CKD under conservative treatment. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, and physical inactivity data were assessed, and 10-year risk for CVD were estimated using the Framingham Score in patients with CKD under conservative treatment. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. Results A total of 172 individuals were evaluated, 57% of whom were male, with an average age of 68.85 ± 11.41 years. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were 87.2% and 53.5%, respectively; 62.2% were physically inactive; 9.9% of men were smokers and 12.8% consumed alcohol. According to BMI, 82.4% of adults <60 years old and 60.6% of those older than 60 years were overweight. High waist circumference and a high waist-hip ratio were highly prevalent in females (91.9% and 83.8%, respectively) and males (64.3% and 39.8%, respectively); 92.4% had a high body fat percentage and 73.3% high uric acid levels. According to the Framingham score, 57% have a medium or high risk of developing CVD in 10 years. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the population studied. The assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD makes it possible to guide the conduct of health professionals to prevent mortality from cardiovascular causes. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality , Hypertension
2.
BrJP ; 3(4): 301-304, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153248

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are very few instruments in the literature that allow for the precise identification of neuropathic pain, that are easy to apply and can represent the pain intensity and location within the plexus path, as well as be used for pain management. The objective of this study was to validate a visual instrument made from a color scale and a body diagram to locate and measure the pain intensity in adults with brachial plexopathy. METHODS: This exploratory study used a quantitative approach. The sample was composed of 35 patients presenting brachial plexus pain and who underwent surgery. The instrument is composed of a four-color scale and a body diagram. Each patient identified a color on the scale for each pain intensity and then colored the representative pain area in the diagram using one or more colors. Criterion validation was used to prove the correlation between the scores obtained by the instrument and the surgical reports, which were used as the external criterion. RESULTS: A significant agreement was observed between the representation of pain in the diagram and the surgical report in all nerve trunks. CONCLUSION: The instrument was found to be useful for locating the pain and measuring its intensity in patients with brachial plexopathy.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Na literatura são escassos os instrumentos que permitem identificar precisamente a dor neuropática, sejam de fácil aplicação, possam representar a intensidade e a localização da dor dentro do trajeto plexular e ser utilizados no manejo da dor. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar um instrumento visual composto por escala de cores e diagrama corporal para localização e mensuração da intensidade da dor em adultos com plexopatia braquial. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 35 pacientes com plexobraquialgia submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Foi utilizado um instrumento imagético composto por uma escala de quatro cores e um diagrama corporal. Os pacientes identificaram na escala uma cor para cada intensidade de dor e coloriram no diagrama a sua área representativa, utilizando uma ou mais cores. A validação de critério foi utilizada para comprovar a correlação entre os escores do instrumento criado e os laudos cirúrgicos que corresponderam ao critério externo. RESULTADOS: Observou-se concordância significativa entre a representação da dor no diagrama corporal e o laudo cirúrgico em todos os troncos nervosos. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento imagético se mostrou útil para localização e mensuração da intensidade da dor em pacientes com plexopatia braquial.

3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 47(2): 209-216, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115490

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) measured by ultrasonography and adipometer and the applicability of the measurement as an indicator of the nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design (n= 137). The concordance between APMT assessed by both methods were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient. Bland-Altman graphics were produced. APMTs were correlated with body mass index (BMI); calf circumference (CC), brachial circumference (BC) and brachial muscle (BMC); lean tissue mass (LTM); LTM index and body cell mass (BCM) via Pearson correlation. The adipometer overestimated APMT by 7 mm when compared to ultrasonography. APMT measured by adipometer was moderately correlated with BMI, CC, BC, BMC, LTM and BCM. APMT by ultrasonography was weakly correlated with CC, BMC, LTM, and LTM index. Conclusion: APMT presented weak or moderate correlation between methods. The measurement was predictive of muscle mass. We suggest that APMT be used in a complementary way in the evaluation of body composition.


El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la concordancia entre el espesor de músculo aductor pollicis (EMAP), medido por ecografía y adipómetro, con aplicabilidad de la medición como indicador del estado nutricional de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico con diseño transversal. La concordancia entre los APMT estimados por ambos métodos se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y se diseñaron gráficos de Bland-Altman. En 137 pacientes con ERC, el APMT se correlacionó con índice de masa corporal (IMC); circunferencias de la pantorrilla (CP), circunferencia braquial (CB) y circunferencia del músculo braquial (CMB); masa de tejido magro (MTM); índice de masa magra (IMM) y masa celular corporal (MCC) mediante correlación de Pearson. Se obtuvo que el adipómetro sobreestima EMAP en 7 mm en comparación con la ecografía. EMAP medido por adipómetro se correlacionó moderadamente con IMC, CP, CB, CMB, MTM e IMM. EMAP por ecografía se correlacionó débilmente con el CP, CMB, MTM y IMM. Conclusión: EMAP presentó una baja o moderada correlación con otras mediciones de estado nutricional. La EMAP predice la masa muscular, ya que presentó correlación con marcadores de este compartimento. Se sugiere que EMAPse utilice de manera complementaria en la evaluación de la composición corporal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nutrition Assessment , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Body Composition , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ultrasonography , Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging , Conservative Treatment
4.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 52(1): 11-17, 20200330. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104125

ABSTRACT

A anemia é uma complicação importante na doença renal crônica (DRC), culminando com o aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, tornando-se fundamental a busca de marcadores hematológicos que permitam seu diagnóstico precoce. Este artigo teve como objetivo revisar na literatura estudos que investigaram a associação entre o conteúdo de hemoglobina contida nos reticulócitos com a anemia em pacientes com DRC em tratamento dialítico e gerar evidências de sua importância na prática clínica. Foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Medline e Web of Science. O período de busca definido foi de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2017. O conteúdo de hemoglobina dos reticulócitos avalia a hemoglobina contida nos reticulócitos, sendo que estes, após liberação da medula óssea, permanecem no sangue periférico de um a quatro dias antes de completar sua maturação, conferindo-lhe maior especificidade em refletir a disponibilidade de ferro aos precursores hematopoiéticos, além de fornecer uma avaliação precoce da resposta eritropoética frente ao tratamento de ferro IV. Os artigos selecionados nessa revisão demonstraram que o conteúdo de hemoglobina do reticulócito, além de refletir precocemente a disponibilidade de ferro aos precursores hematopoiéticos, o mesmo não sofre interferência de citocinas inflamatórias, tornando-o um marcador eficaz no monitoramento da cinética do ferro em pacientes em diálise.


Anemia is an important complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD), culminating with the increase in morbidity and mortality, making it fundamental to search for hematological markers that allow its early diagnosis. This review aimed to review in the literature studies that investigated the association between hemoglobin content in reticulocytes and anemia in patients with CKD in dialysis and to generate evidence of its importance in clinical practice. The hemoglobin content of the reticulocytes evaluates the hemoglobin contained in the reticulocytes, which, after release of the bone marrow, remain in the peripheral blood 1 to 4 days before their maturation completes, giving it greater specificity in reflecting the availability of iron to the reticulocytes. Hematopoietic precursors, in addition to providing an early assessment of the erythropoietic response to IV iron treatment. The articles selected in this review have demonstrated that the reticulocyte hemoglobin content in addition to early reflection of the availability of iron to the hematopoietic precursors does not suffer interference from inflammatory cytokines, making it an effective marker in the monitoring of iron kinetics in dialysis patients.


Subject(s)
Reticulocytes , Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Anemia
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(6): 602-608, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976005

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess the agreement between the results of the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment questionnaire, adapted for children and adolescents of the Brazilian population, and the nutritional status assessment method through growth curves and the classification of the World Health Organization in a pediatric hospital service. Methods: This was an analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study. During the data collection period, the nutritional status of all patients from 0 to 12 years of age, admitted to the pediatric unit of a university hospital, was concomitantly assessed according to the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment and World Health Organization curves. To determine the assessment and agreement between these methods, the Kappa and Kendall coefficients were used, respectively, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Sixty-one children participated, with a predominance of males. It was observed that the highest frequency of equivalent results occurred among the group classified as well nourished, and that only the height/age variable showed a close agreement between the methods. Additionally, there was a good correlation only for the weight/height variable between the assessment tools used. Conclusion: Due to the low agreement between the methods, the combination of both may be beneficial for the nutritional assessment of pediatric patients, collaborating with the early diagnosis of nutritional alterations and facilitating the use of adequate dietary therapy.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância entre os resultados do questionário da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global adaptado para crianças e adolescentes da população brasileira e do método de avaliação do estado nutricional por meio de curvas de crescimento e a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde em um serviço pediátrico hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, quantitativo, de caráter transversal. Durante o período de coleta de dados, foi avaliado o estado nutricional de todos os pacientes até 12 anos admitidos na Enfermaria de Pediatria de um hospital universitário segundo a Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global e as curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde, concomitantemente. Para determinar a avaliação e a concordância entre esses métodos, os coeficientes de Kappa e de Kendall foram usados, respectivamente, considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do trabalho 61 crianças, com predominância do sexo masculino. Observou-se que a maior frequência de resultados iguais ocorreu entre o grupo classificado como bem nutrido e que somente a variável altura/idade demonstrou íntima concordância entre os métodos. Além disso, verificou-se uma boa correlação somente para a variável peso/altura entre os instrumentos usados. Conclusão: Devido à baixa concordância entre os métodos, a combinação de ambos pode ser benéfica para a avaliação nutricional dos pacientes pediátricos e colaborar com o diagnóstico precoce de alterações nutricionais, facilitar a aplicação do tratamento dietoterápico adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , World Health Organization , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Child Development/physiology , Anthropometry/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Malnutrition/complications , Hospitals, Pediatric , Length of Stay
6.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 21(2): 147-156, maio-ago. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895770

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar concepções de educadores infantis sobre a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano. Participaram da pesquisa quatro educadores infantis atuantes na cidade de Patrocínio-MG. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados analisados a partir dos fundamentos teóricos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Por meio das entrevistas foi possível identificar que as concepções apresentadas pelos educadores sobre a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano aproximam-se do entendimento do senso comum, pois eles não as esclarecem de forma elaborada, evidenciando uma formação docente ainda incerta, o que repercute na sala de aula, gerando atuações aligeiradas e sem a devida intencionalidade educacional. Isso aponta para a necessidade de uma formação docente mais sólida, que possibilite planejar intervenções, sobretudo voltadas ao processo de desenvolvimento humano. Diante disso, o psicólogo pode contribuir com a construção dessas formações a partir de olhares diferenciados na constituição de um referencial teórico-prático junto aos educadores.


The purpose of this study was to investigate what kind of conceptions children's educators have about learning and human development. Four children educators working in the city of Patrocínio - MG participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analyzed from the theoretical foundations of Historical-Cultural Psychology. Through the interviews it was possible to identify that the conceptions presented by the educators about learning and human development are close to the understanding of common sense, since they do not clarify their conceptions in an elaborate way, it means an evidence that the conditions of the teacher's formation is still uncertain, which has repercussions in the classroom, generating light performances and lacking educational intentionality. These points to the need for a more solid teacher education, which makes it possible to plan interventions, mainly focused on the process of human development. Given this, the psychologist can contribute to the construction of these formations from different perspectives in the constitution of a theoretical-practical reference to the educators.


El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar concepciones que educadores infantiles poseen sobre aprendizaje y desarrollo humano. Participaron de la investigación cuatro educadores infantiles actuantes en la ciudad de Patrocínio-MG. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados los datos a partir de los fundamentos teóricos de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural. Por intermedio de las entrevistas fue posible identificar que las concepciones presentadas por los educadores sobre aprendizaje y desarrollo humano se acercan del entendimiento del sentido común, pues no aclaran sus concepciones de forma elaborada, evidenciando una formación docente aún incierta, lo que repercute en la clase, generando actuaciones aligeradas y sin la debida intencionalidad educacional. Eso apunta para la necesidad de una formación docente más sólida, que posibilite planear intervenciones, principalmente volcadas al proceso de desarrollo humano. Delante de eso, el psicólogo puede contribuir con la construcción de esas formaciones a partir de miradas diferenciadas en la constitución de referencial teórico-práctico junto a educadores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Faculty , Human Development , Learning
7.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 22(4): 559-576, out.-dez. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-829786

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: a definição do público-alvo da Educação Especial está na legislação. No entanto, neste percurso muitos dos alunos atendidos foram excluídos do serviço por não estarem contemplados nesta nova nomenclatura, levantando os questionamentos: estes alunos recebem algum tipo de atendimento? Mesmo não estando definidos na legislação, frequentam as Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM)? Nesse sentido, os objetivos propostos foram: pontuar os motivos para o encaminhamento dos alunos para a SRM e identificar quem são os alunos que frequentam a SRM. A metodologia da pesquisa foi baseada no estudo de caso, tendo uma SRM como lócus. Os participantes foram: a professora especialista e a coordenação da Educação Especial. Foram utilizados para a coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, a análise dos documentos dos alunos que frequentavam a SRM e roteiros de observação. Para o tratamento dos dados realizou-se a triangulação de dados. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que quatro dos alunos que frequentavam o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE) na SRM possuíam deficiência intelectual, quatro eram denominados alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais, e não era necessário o laudo para a matrícula. Os motivos para o encaminhamento, em sua maioria, eram baseados no rendimento que o aluno apresentava na classe regular e se estava alfabetizado ou não; outros motivos, como deficiência e a solicitação dos pais para a avaliação, também estavam presentes. Conclui-se que o lócus da pesquisa possuía uma estrutura divergente da legislação quanto aos alunos considerados Públicos-alvo da Educação Especial.


ABSTRACT: The definition of the Special Education target-audience is described in the law. However, in the course of action many students were excluded from the service because they were not contemplated in this definition, therefore raising some questions: are these students receiving any service? Even not included by the law, are they served in the Multifunctional Resources Classrooms (MRC)? In this context, the proposed objectives were: to point out the reasons for referring students to the MRC, and to identify the students attending the MRC. The research methodology was based on the case study of a MRC. The participants were the special teacher and the coordinator of the school. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, documents of the students attending the MRC and observation protocols. Information treatment was based on data triangulation. The results showed that four students attending the Special Educational Service in the MRC had intellectual disabilities, four students were denominated as with special educational needs, and thus diagnosis was not necessary for enrollment. The reasons for referral were mostly based on the student's achievement in the general classroom and whether the student was literate or not. Other reasons, such as the presence of a disability and the parents' request for assessment were also identified. We concluded that the locus of the research had a diverse structure from what the law defines in relation to the students considered target-audience for Special Education.

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